【原】小學(xué)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練（內(nèi)含思維導(dǎo)圖），建議收藏！

尹麗芳 2023-10-12 發(fā)布于云南

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一、動(dòng)詞的定義

表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞叫做動(dòng)詞。表示動(dòng)詞的詞如ask ,walk等

二、動(dòng)詞的分類

1、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又叫行為動(dòng)詞，能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)：如open，hold , learn

2、系動(dòng)詞又稱連系動(dòng)詞，不能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)，后邊必須接表語(yǔ)組成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征等：be動(dòng)詞

3、助動(dòng)詞，主要協(xié)助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞組的詞叫做助動(dòng)詞。它本身沒(méi)有詞義，和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可構(gòu)成否定或疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)：do、will、should、would

4、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法，認(rèn)為其可能、應(yīng)該或必要等。由于詞義不完全，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，要后接動(dòng)詞完成謂語(yǔ)部分：must、can、could、may、will

三、動(dòng)詞的基本形式

（1）動(dòng)詞原形：動(dòng)詞未經(jīng)任何變化的原來(lái)形式。如：have、cut、see

（2）第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)：動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成和名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成法相似。

A.直接加“s” ：read--reads leave---leaves

B.以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加“s ”: come--comes close---closes

C.以s. x. sh. ch.o結(jié)尾的單詞,加“es” : watch---watches fix---fixes wash---washes go--goes

D.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的單詞，變“y”為“i”, 再加“es” : cry---cries

E.以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加“s” :play---plays

（3）過(guò)去式的變化規(guī)則：

A.直接加“ed” ：look--looked watch---watched

B.以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加“d” : live--lived love--loved

C.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的單詞，變“y”為“i”, 再加“ed”: cry---cried

D.以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加“s ”:play---played

E.動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化表

Infinitive Past tense

1. am, is was

2. keep kept

3. are were

4. let let

5. become became

6. make made

7. begin began

8. meet met

9. bite bit

10. put put

11. blow blew

12. read read

13. buy bought

14. ride rode

15. catch caught

16. run ran

17. come came

18. say said

19. cost cost

20. see saw

21. cut cut

22. sing sang

23.dig dug

24. sit sat

25.do did

26. sleep slept

27. draw drew

28. speak spoke

29. drink drank

30. sweep swept

31. eat ate

32. take took

33.fall fell

34.teach taught

35. feed fed

36. tell told

37.feel felt

38.think thought

39. fly flew

40. throw threw

41.forget forgot

42.understand understood

43. get got

44. give gave

45. wake woke

46. go went

47. wear wore

48. grow grew

49. win won

50. have/has had

51. write wrote

52. know knew

53 .break broke

四、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

（一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): 表示經(jīng)常性、規(guī)律性習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)。

結(jié)構(gòu)：

1. 動(dòng)作詞一般用原形，但如果是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)（如Tony ，he ，she ），動(dòng)作詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，即加s 或 es ;

在主語(yǔ)前加do, does幫助疑問(wèn)句，后面的動(dòng)詞用原形；

在動(dòng)作詞前加don’t, doesn’t 幫助否定句，后面的動(dòng)詞用原形。

2. 句子中沒(méi)動(dòng)作詞時(shí)，用be動(dòng)詞：is , am , are ；

is , am , are 放在主語(yǔ)前幫助疑問(wèn)句；

is , am , are 后面加上not幫助否定句。

3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, may, should，must引起的句子是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，后面接動(dòng)詞用原形；

can, may, should，must 放在主語(yǔ)前幫助疑問(wèn)句，后面接動(dòng)詞用原形；

can, may, should, must后面加上not幫助否定句，后面接動(dòng)詞用原形。

4. 肯定祈使：動(dòng)詞原形 + 其它

否定祈使句：Don’t +動(dòng)詞原形 + 其它

5．感嘆句：

What a mess! What a beautiful desert! What beautiful flowers! ——What+(形)名

How beautiful! How beautiful the flower is! How beautiful the flowers are! —— How+形

A. 肯定句：(非第三人稱單數(shù))主語(yǔ)+V+其它 We come from China.

(第三人稱單數(shù))主語(yǔ)+Vs+其它 He comes from China.

主語(yǔ)+be (is, am, are)+其它 We are from China.

主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can, may, should, must)+V+其它 She must go.

B. 否定句：

(非第三人稱單數(shù))主語(yǔ)+don’t +V+其它 We don’t come from China.

(第三人稱單數(shù)) 主語(yǔ)+doesn’t +V+其它 He doesn’t come from China.

主語(yǔ)+be (is, am, are) not+其它 I aren’t from China.

主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can, may, should, must)+not +V+其它

C．一般疑問(wèn)句：Do +(非第三人稱單數(shù))主語(yǔ)+V+其它 Do you come from China?

Does +(第三人稱單數(shù))主語(yǔ)+Vs+其它 Does he come from China?

be (Is, Am, Are)+主語(yǔ)+其它 Are you from China?

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(Can, May, Should, Must)+主語(yǔ)+ V+其它 She can’t go.

D．特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+do +(非第三人稱單數(shù))主語(yǔ)+V+其它 Where do you come from?

特殊疑問(wèn)詞+does +(第三人稱單數(shù))主語(yǔ)+Vs+其它 Where does he come from?

特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be (is, am, are)+主語(yǔ)+其它 Where are you from?

特殊疑問(wèn)詞+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(Can, May, Should, Must)+主語(yǔ)+ V+其它 Can she go?

（二）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): 表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

結(jié)構(gòu)：

1. be動(dòng)詞( is , am , are) + 動(dòng)詞ing (現(xiàn)在分詞)；

is , am , are 放在主語(yǔ)前幫助疑問(wèn)句，后面的動(dòng)詞加ing；

is , am , are 后面加上not幫助否定句，后面的動(dòng)詞加ing。

A. 肯定句:主語(yǔ)+be（is, am, are）+Ving+其它 They are coming here.

B. 否定句：主語(yǔ)+be（is, am, are）+not +Ving+其它　They aren’t coming here.

C. 一般疑問(wèn)句：be（Is, Am, Are）+主語(yǔ)+ Ving+其它 Are they coming here?

D. 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ be（is, am, are）+主語(yǔ)+ Ving+其它 What are they doing?

（三）一般過(guò)去時(shí)：表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生了的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

結(jié)構(gòu)：

1. 動(dòng)作詞用過(guò)去式(ed ) ；

在主語(yǔ)前加did幫助疑問(wèn)句，后面的動(dòng)詞用原形；

在動(dòng)作詞前加didn’t幫助否定句，后面的動(dòng)詞用原形。

2. 句子中沒(méi)動(dòng)作詞時(shí)，用be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式：was , were；

was , were 放在主語(yǔ)前幫助疑問(wèn)句；

was , were后面加上not幫助否定句。

A. 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+Ved+其它 We came from China

主語(yǔ)+be (was, were)+其它 We were from China.

B. 否定句：主語(yǔ)+didn’t +V +其它 We didn’t come from China.

主語(yǔ)+be (was, were) +not+其它 We weren’t from China.

C．一般疑問(wèn)句：Did +主語(yǔ)+V +其它 Did you come from China?

be (Was, Were)+主語(yǔ)+其它 Were you from China?

D．特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ did +主語(yǔ)+V +其它 Where did you from?

特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ be (was, were)+主語(yǔ)+其它 Where were from?

（四）一般將來(lái)時(shí)：表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

結(jié)構(gòu)：

1. be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形

is , am , are 放在主語(yǔ)前幫助疑問(wèn)句；

is , am , are 后面加上not幫助否定句。

2. will+ 動(dòng)詞原形

will放在主語(yǔ)前幫助疑問(wèn)句，后面接動(dòng)詞用原形；

will后面加上not幫助否定句，后面接動(dòng)詞用原形。

A. 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+will +V +其它 He will dig a hole.

主語(yǔ)+ be going to +V +其它 He is going to dig a hole.

B. 否定句：主語(yǔ)+will not +V +其它 He won’t dig a hole.

主語(yǔ)+ be not going go +V +其它 He isn’t going to dig a hole.

C．一般疑問(wèn)句：Will+主語(yǔ)+V+其它 Will he dig a hole?

Be(Is, Am, Are) +主語(yǔ)going to +V+其它 Is he going to did a hole?

D．特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+will+主語(yǔ)+V+其它 What will he do?

特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be(is, am, are) +主語(yǔ)going to +V+其它 What is he going to do?

（五）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

結(jié)構(gòu)：

1. be動(dòng)詞( was, were) + 動(dòng)詞ing；

was, were 放在主語(yǔ)前幫助疑問(wèn)句，后面的動(dòng)詞加ing；

was, were后面加上not幫助否定句，后面的動(dòng)詞加ing。

A. 肯定句:主語(yǔ)+be（was, were）+Ving He was digging a hole.

B. 否定句：主語(yǔ)+be（was, were）+not +Ving He wasn’t digging a hole.

C. 一般疑問(wèn)句：be（Was, Were）+主語(yǔ)+ Ving Was he digging a hole?

D. 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ be（was, were）+主語(yǔ)+ Ving What was he doing

五、時(shí)態(tài)意義與結(jié)構(gòu)一覽表

時(shí)態(tài)	時(shí)態(tài)意義與		動(dòng)詞	主語(yǔ)	動(dòng)詞形式			常用時(shí)間
時(shí)態(tài)	時(shí)態(tài)意義與		動(dòng)詞	主語(yǔ)	肯定句	否定句	(特殊)疑問(wèn)句	常用時(shí)間
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)	1.表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。		be 動(dòng)詞	三單	is	is not	(疑問(wèn)詞) is +主語(yǔ)	always, often, now usually, sometimes, ever, never, in the morning’ in the afternoon, in the evening, at night, on Sunday, every once a week, twice a month, 3 times a year
				I	am	am not	(疑問(wèn)詞)am+主語(yǔ)
				you,復(fù)	are	are not	(疑問(wèn)詞)are+主語(yǔ)
	2. 表示經(jīng)常性習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作、興趣愛好或能力。		情態(tài) 動(dòng)詞	所有主語(yǔ)	can +V	can not +V	(疑問(wèn)詞)can +主語(yǔ)+V
					may +V	may not +V	(疑問(wèn)詞)may+主語(yǔ)+V
					must +V	must not +V	(疑問(wèn)詞)must+主語(yǔ)+V
					should +V	should not +V	(疑問(wèn)詞)should+主語(yǔ)+V
			行為動(dòng)詞	三單	Vs	doesn’t +V	(疑問(wèn)詞)does +主語(yǔ)+V
			行為動(dòng)詞	非三單	V	don’t +V	(疑問(wèn)詞)do +主語(yǔ)+V
	3.祈使句		be	無(wú)	Be	Don’t be	Be quick. Don’t be worried.
	3.祈使句		行為	無(wú)	V	Don’t +V	Listen to me. Don’t push.
	4.感嘆句		What a mess! What a beautiful desert! What beautiful flowers! How beautiful! How beautiful the flower is! How beautiful the flowers are!
一般過(guò)去時(shí)	表示過(guò)去了的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。		be動(dòng)詞	單—you	was	was not	(疑問(wèn)詞) was +主語(yǔ)	yesterday, this morning, before that, last…
			be動(dòng)詞	復(fù)+you	were	were not	(疑問(wèn)詞)were+主語(yǔ)
			行為	所有主語(yǔ)	Ved	didn’t +V	(疑問(wèn)詞)did +主語(yǔ)+V
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)	表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。		行為動(dòng)詞	三單	is +Ving	is not +Ving	(疑問(wèn)詞) is +主語(yǔ)+Ving	now, Listen! Look! Where’s
				I	am +Ving	am not +Ving	(疑問(wèn)詞)am+主語(yǔ)+Ving
				you,復(fù)	are +Ving	are not +Ving	(疑問(wèn)詞)are+主語(yǔ)+Ving
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)	表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。		行為	單—you	was +Ving	was not +Ving	(疑問(wèn)詞)was+主語(yǔ)+Ving	yesterday this morning at that time at nine …
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)	表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。		行為	復(fù)+you	were +Ving	were not +Ving	(疑問(wèn)詞)were+主語(yǔ)+Ving	yesterday this morning at that time at nine …
一般將來(lái)時(shí)	表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。	1	be	所有主語(yǔ)	will+ be	won’t+ be	(疑問(wèn)詞)will+主語(yǔ)+ be	tomorrow, this evening, later, in a minute, after that, next…
		1	行為	所有主語(yǔ)	Will+ V	won’t +V	(疑問(wèn)詞)Will+主語(yǔ)+ V
		2	行為動(dòng)詞	三單	is going to+V	is not going to+V	(疑問(wèn)詞)is+主語(yǔ)going to+V
				I	am going to+V	am not going to+V	(疑問(wèn)詞)am+主語(yǔ)going to+V
				you,復(fù)	are going to+V	are not going to+V	(疑問(wèn)詞)are+主語(yǔ)going to+V

習(xí)題：

1．I______(be not) a middle school student.
2．She ______(be) in Class Six ,Grade One .

We________(be) all Young pioneers.
3．Sam and I________(be) in different classes .
5．There _______(be) a map on the wall.

There _______(be) some boats in the river.
7．There__________(be) a pencil-box and some books in the bag .
8．There__________(be) two bikes and a car near the house.
9．I can ___________(see) some flowers on the table.
10. You must__________(find) those things.
11. ______ you ________(have) a new watch?
12. Let me _________(see),please. I __________(not have) a watch .
13. I think he ___________(be)back in a week.
14. It's time ___________(play) games.
15. I want ___________(take) some books to the classroom .
16. Could you ___________(take) it to your room ?
17. It's snowing now. We can go out __________ (play) in the snow.
18. ___________(not jump) too high! Would you like___________(drink) tea ?

19. She __________(like) her new skirt .

20. The men ____________(work) near the house now.